Disease Information for Tick-borne hemorrhagic fevers

TICK-BORNE HEMORRHAGIC FEVERS Kyasanur Forest disease and Omsk hemorrhagic fever are tick-borne flavivirus infections that are seasonally transmitted in the areas of southern and central India and Siberia; Kyasanur Forest disease occurs mainly among villagers and lumbermen with forest contact, and Omsk hemorrhagic fever is transmitted directly from infected muskrats (as well as ticks) and may also be waterborne; These are self-limited illnesses characterized by acute fever and chills, myalgia, headache, vomiting, and diarrhea lasting 4 to 10 days in half of all cases, and hypotension, which can persist for several days; Hemorrhages tend to be minor in Omsk hemorrhagic fever and are present from the onset of illness; Neurologic signs, including depressed consciousness, neck stiffness, tremor, rigidity, pyramidal signs, and convulsions, appear in 50% of Kyasanur Forest disease cases, but are less prominent in Omsk hemorrhagic fever; Hepatitis and acute renal failure are components of both illnesses, and bronchitis, pneumonia, and hemorrhagic pulmonary edema develop in 40% of cases; fatalities are rare; [Rudolph"s Pediatrics 2002]-------------------------------------.A severe, often fatal disease in humans caused by the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus; incubation 2-9 days;major hemorrhagic and liver involvement, minor encephalitis, absent nephropathy;--------------------------------------------. CRIMEAN-CONGO HEMORRHAGIC FEVER Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is a serious tick-borne and potentially fatal illness that is acquired directly from tick bites or from contact with or aerosol transmission by blood from infected animals, but this disease also poses a significant threat for nosocomial transmission; Onset is usually abrupt with severe headache, high fever, myalgia, weakness, anorexia, back and abdominal pain, and nausea often accompanied by vomiting; There is hyperemia, which is most notable on the face, mucous membranes, and upper part of the body; The illness generally has a biphasic course: early nonspecific symptoms are followed after the sixth day of illness by hemorrhage from the nose, mouth, and gastrointestinal tract, and the appearance of large ecchymotic areas on the limbs; Most cases are apathetic or obtunded with halting speech; dizziness and mild meningeal signs are common; Elevated bilirubin and liver enzyme levels are usually present; Severe cases are delirious or comatose, and death is the consequence of circulatory collapse and disseminated intravascular coagulation [Rudolph"s Pediatrics 2002]

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