Disease Information for Malnutrition/Starvation

Synonyms:

6 101 109 NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIES, Acquired deficiency, Deficiency, deficiency diet, Deficiency nutritional, Deficiency state, Deficit, diet deficiency, Dietary deficiency, disease (or disorder) nutritional deficiency, Insufficiency dietary, insufficiency dietary, insufficiency nourishment, Malnourished, malnutrition, Malnutrition (disorder), Malnutrition syndrome, nourishment insufficiency, NUTRITIONAL DEFIC, Nutritional deficiencies, Nutritional deficiencies (disorder), Nutritional Deficiency, Nutritional deficiency (disorder), Nutritional deficiency (finding), Nutritional deficiency disorder, Nutritional deficiency unspecified, POOR NUTRITION, Underfed, Undernourished, Undernourished (finding), Undernutrition, Undernutrition (disorder), Undernutrition syndrome, Unspecified nutritional deficiency

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6 101 109 NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIES, Acquired deficiency, Deficiency, defici... (more)

Definition:

Inadequate food and vitamins; inadequate volume and quality; deficient protein intake;----------------------------------Starvation [protein-calorie] History of decreased intake of energy or protein, increased nutrient losses, or increased nutrient requirements; Manifestations range from weight loss and growth failure to distinct syndromes, kwashiorkor, and marasmus; In severe cases, virtually all organ systems are affected; Protein loss correlates with weight loss; Thirty-five to 40% total body weight loss is usually fatal; Protein-energy malnutrition occurs as a result of a relative or absolute deficiency of energy and protein; It may be primary, due to inadequate food intake, or secondary, as a result of other illness; For most developing nations, primary protein-energy malnutrition remains among the most significant health problems; Protein-energy malnutrition has been described as two distinct syndromes: Kwashiorkor, caused by a deficiency of protein in the presence of adequate energy, is typically seen in weaning infants at the birth of a sibling in areas where foods containing protein are insufficiently abundant; Marasmus, caused by combined protein and energy deficiency, is most commonly seen where adequate quantities of food are not available; In industrialized societies, protein-energy malnutrition is most often secondary to other diseases; Kwashiorkor-like secondary protein-energy malnutrition occurs primarily in association with hypermetabolic acute illnesses such as trauma, burns, and sepsis; Marasmus-like secondary protein-energy malnutrition typically results from chronic diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), congestive heart failure, cancer, or AIDS; These syndromes have been estimated to be present in at least 20% of hospitalized patients; A substantially greater number of patients have risk factors that could result in these syndromes;

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