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Disease Information for Hypovitaminosis A

Clinical Manifestations

Signs & Symptoms

Coarsening skin

Dry brittle hair/Lank lifeless hair

Dry skin/scaling dry skin

Fissuring palms/soles

Follicular hyperkeratosis

Follicular plugging/broken hair/coarse skin

Hyperkeratosis/palms and soles

Phrynoderma/toadskin sign

Anorexia Decreased appetite

Poor weight gain/child

Growth/development delay

Absence of tears/on exam

Bilateral Vision Loss

Bitots spots/conjunctival foamy patches

Corneal dryness/irritation

Dry eyes/poor tearing

Dryness Conjunctiva

Eye symptoms/signs

Grainy/Gritty Eye Sensation

Inspissated secretions/mucus eye

Night blindness/Impaired night vision

Visual Problems

Demographics & Risk Factors

Ethnic or Racial Factors

Asian Indian population

Established Disease Population

Patient/Jejunocolic bypass

Patient/Sprue/gluten enteropathy

Population Group

Population/Immigrant population

Laboratory Tests

Abnormal Lab Findings - Decreased

Carotene/Vitamin A level (Lab)

Plasma Retinol

Plasma Retinol Binding Protein

URINE Retinol binding protein

Abnormal Lab Findings - Increased

Hemoglobin (Lab)

Diagnostic Test Results

Electrodiagnosis

Electroretinogram abnormal

Associated Diseases & Rule outs

Associated Disease & Complications

Anemia

Blindness

Growth retardation/failure

Keratomalacia

Vitamin A deficiency/Avitaminosis A

Xeroderma

Xerophthalmia

Disease Mechanism & Classification

Pathophysiology

Pathophysiology/Mucosal keratinization

Pathophysiology/Dark adaptation/vision defect

Process

PROCESS/Deficiency (category)

PROCESS/Fat soluble vitamin deficiencies (ex)

Treatment

Drug Therapy - Indication

RX/Vitamin A

Definition

A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN A in the diet, characterized by NIGHT BLINDNESS and other ocular manifestations such as dryness of the conjunctiva and later of the cornea (XEROPHTHALMIA). Vitamin A deficiency is a very common problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries as a consequence of famine or shortages of vitamin A-rich foods. In the United States it is found among the urban poor, the elderly, alcoholics, and patients with malabsorption. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1179)

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External Links Related to Hypovitaminosis A

PubMed (National Library of Medicine)

NGC (National Guideline Clearinghouse)

Medscape (eMedicine)

Harrison's Online (accessmedicine)

NEJM (The New England Journal of Medicine)

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