Disease Information for Dengue fever (Demographics & Risk Factors)

Aden fever, Breakbone fever, dandy fever, dengue, Dengue (disorder), Dengue fever, Dengue fever (classical dengue), Dengue fever virus infection, DUENGERO, fever Aden, FEVER BREAK BONE, FEVER BREAKBONE, FEVER DANDY, Fever Dengue

An acute infectious, eruptive, febrile disease caused by four antigenically related but distinct serotypes of the DENGUE VIRUS; It is transmitted by the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes, especially A aegypti; Classical dengue (dengue fever) is self-limiting and characterized by fever, myalgia, headache, and rash; DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER is a more virulent form of dengue virus infection and a separate clinical entity; Second infection worse with shock and hemorrhagic effects ; moderate hemorrhage and liver involvement; absent renal or encephalitis syndromes---------------(From Dorland, 28th ed)---------------------<br>

DENGUE FEVER Dengue fever is the most common arboviral infection and, in the form of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), annually causes hundreds of thousands of life-threatening infections in the tropics, principally in children; Four dengue virus serotypes are predominantly transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which are present in most tropical urban areas of the world; however, some other mosquito vectors are responsible for fairly substantial outbreaks; In the United States, these mosquitoes can be found during the summer in southeastern states, but autochthonous transmission of dengue virus occurs only in Texas; Epidemics arise in susceptible populations after the virus is introduced by viremic persons into areas with competent vectors; In areas where transmission is endemic, dengue is principally a disease of childhood; Infections occur in almost 100% of children before 8 years of age; In the absence of previous immunity, when new virus strains are introduced, or among travelers from nonendemic areas, infections occur in all age groups; Classic dengue is a grippe-like, often biphasic illness associated with fever, muscle and joint pains, chills, headache, and lumbar back pain accompanied by anorexia, nausea, and vomiting; Facial flushing is characteristic, and in fair-skinned persons, a centrifugally spreading morbilliform rash may be detected late in the illness; Illness is self-limited and sometimes is complicated by minor hemorrhagic phenomena, such as epistaxis and minor gum, gastrointestinal, and vaginal mucosal bleeding; A positive tourniquet test, and lowered platelet, total leukocyte, and absolute monocyte and neutrophil counts reflect marrow suppression; The above self-limited hemorrhagic phenomena should be differentiated from the hemorrhagic-shock syndrome, which is characterized by thrombocytopenia, generalized bleeding, and evidence of increased vascular permeability (eg, hemoconcentration, pleural or abdominal effusions, or hypoalbuminemia); Cross-immunity among the serotypes is limited, and sequential infection, particularly when dengue 2 virus causes the second infection, increases the risk for DHF/DSS; The interval of vascular instability may be as brief as 24 to 48 hours and reverses spontaneously; Sensitive clinical monitoring and supportive fluid, cardiovascular support, and the exclusion of aspirin reduce DHF mortality from 25% to less than 5%; <br>

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---------- [Rudolph"s Pediatrics 2002]-----------------<br>

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