Disease Information for Measles (rubeola) (Clinical Manifestations)
MEASLE, measles, Measles (disorder), Morbilli, Rubeola, Rubeola virus infection, RUBEOLLA
Measles is a childhood exanthem, caused by an RNA virus called Morbillivirus, belonging to the family Paramyxoviridae; SYNONYM; Rubeola; ICD-9CM CODES: 055.9 Measles; 055.0 Encephalitis;055.1 Pneumonia; V04.2 Vaccination; Before the introduction of an effective vaccine in 1963, measles was one of the most common childhood illnesses, and in developing countries, where it strikes mostly children under age 5 yr, it remains a leading cause of childhood mortality; In developed countries, measles outbreaks occur occasionally in adolescents and young adults who have not been immunized; Incubation: 10 to 14 days (up to 3 wk in adults); Prodrome: 2 to 4 days; malaise, fever, rhinorrhea, conjunctivitis, cough; Exanthem phase: 7 to 10 days; The fever increases and peaks at 104° to 105° F together with the rash; it persists for 5 or 6 days. The patient’s fever decreases over 24 hr; Rash: Erythematous maculopapular eruption begins behind the ears, progresses to the forehead and neck (Fig 1-240), then spreads to face, trunk, upper extremities, buttocks, and lower extremities in that order; After 3 days the rash fades in the same sequence by becoming copper brown and then desquamates; Enanthem: Koplik spots are white papules of 1 to 2 mm in diameter or an erythematous base; They first appear on the buccal mucosa opposite the lower molar 2 days before the rash and spread over 24 hours to involve most of the buccal and lower labial mucosa; They fade after 3 days; Other symptoms and signs: malaise, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, pharyngitis, lymph-adenopathy, and occasional splenomegaly; Atypical measles (in vaccinated persons); Incubation: 10 to 14 days; Prodrome: 1 to 3 days; high fever and headache; Rash: maculopapular, urticarial, or petechial rash that begins peripherally and progresses centrally; Modified measles applies to patients who have received immune serum globulin and develop a milder illness; Complications:Otitis media; Laryngitis, tracheitis; Pneumonia (accounts for 90% of measles deaths); Encephalitis with lethargy, irritability, and seizures; 60% recover completely, 25% have neurologic sequelae (mental retardation, hemiplegia, paraplegia, epilepsy, deafness), and 15% die; Myocarditis, pericarditis, and hepatitis; Complications more common in immunocompromised hosts and persons with AIDS [Ferri Clinical Advisor]-----------------------------------------.
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Clinical Manifestations
- Signs & Symptoms
- Facial Malar flush/rash
- Red/erythema skin discoloration
- Tachycardia/Fast heart rate
- Centrifugal rash/body face first
- Erythematous generalized rash
- Erythroderma
- Exanthem/becomes confluent
- Facial erythema
- Facial rash
- Febrile rash/begins behind ears/face then down/out/sign
- Fever and Rash
- Macular rash
- Non-pruritic rash
- Papular Rash
- Peeling skin
- Petechiae/Petechial rash
- Pruritic/itching rash
- Purpura
- Rash
- Rash behind ears then face and trunk
- Rash cephalocaudal progression
- Rash hand/foot areas
- Rash on palms and soles
- Rash with Cervical Adenopathy
- Rash, macular/maculopapular or morbilliform
- Rash, maculopapular truncal
- Scarletiniform rash
- Symmetrical rash
- Abdominal Pain
- Abdominal Pain in Children
- Acute Diarrhea
- Acute Diarrhea in Children
- Diarrhea
- Diarrhea in Children
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Koplik spots on buccal/labial mucosa
- Pharyngitis, exudative
- Tonsil exudate
- Cervical adenopathy
- Lymphadenopathy
- Lymphadenopathy Systemic
- Febrile seizure/children
- Headache
- Headache in children
- Allergic Barking Cough
- Cough
- Cough Acute
- Cough Dry Non-productive
- Coryza
- Nose blocked/stuffy
- Runny nose/rhinorrhea
- Sore Throat in Children
- Sore throat/Pharyngitis
- Sore Throat/Throat Pain
- Throat Conditions
- Acute sepsis syndrome
- Acutely ill patient/signs
- Collapse/Prostration
- Fever
- Fever Febrile Possible
- Fever in Immigrants
- Fever in kids
- Fever, high
- Flu-Like Syndrome
- High body temperature
- Malaise
- Toxic and Febrile Septic
- Bloodshot eyes/Conjunctival injection
- Eye Pains, Bilateral
- Photophobia/Light sensitive
- Red Eyes Bilateral
- Scleral Injection
- Acute Hearing Loss
- Sudden deafness
- Typical Clinical Presentation
- Viremia Sepsis with low WBC
- Clinical Presentation & Variations
- Disease Progression
- Course/2 weeks
- Course/Acute
- Course/Acute only
- Course/Duration 1 week usual
- Course/Illness not recurrent
- Course/Prodrome
- Course/two weeks
- Five day prodrome
- Incubation/1 to 2 weeks
- Incubation/5-15 days
- Onset/Abrupt/Sudden
- Prognosis/Full recovery usual
- Signs & Symptoms
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