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Possible Causes For Spasm of the cardia/lower esophagus - Causes
- Electromagnetic, Physics, trauma, Radiation Causes
Esophageal radiation- Infected organ, Abscesses
Phlegmonous esophagitis- Neoplastic Disorders
Carcinoma, esophageal- Allergic, Collagen, Auto-Immune Disorders
Eosinophilic esophagitis- Anatomic, Foreign Body, Structural Disorders
Esophageal ulceration
Esophagus, foreign body
Hiatus hernia, esophagus/para-esophageal
Perforated/ruptured esophagus
Esophageal ring syndrome
Esophageal web
Esophageal Rupture/Boerhaave Syndrome- Vegetative, Autonomic, Endocrine Disorders
Esophageal spasm/dysmotility- Reference to Organ System
Esophagogastritis, corrosive- Poisoning (Specific Agent)
Corrosive esophagitis- Definition
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- External Links Related to Spasm of the cardia/lower esophagus - Causes
- Wikipedia
- Merck
- Images
- PubMed (National Library of Medicine)
- NGC (National Guideline Clearinghouse)
- Medscape (eMedicine)
- Harrison's Online (accessmedicine)
- NEJM (The New England Journal of Medicine)